How fast do Jupiters grow? Signatures of the snowline and growth rate in the distribution of gas giant planets

We present here observational evidence that the snowline plays a significant role in the formation and evolution of gas giant planets. When considering the population of observed exoplanets, we find a boundary in mass-semimajor axis space that suggests planets are preferentially found beyond the snowline prior to undergoing gap-opening inward migration and associated gas accretion. This is consistent with theoretical models suggesting that sudden changes in opacity -- as would occur at the snowline -- can influence core migration. Furthermore, population synthesis modelling suggests that this boundary implies that gas giant planets accrete ~ 70 % of the inward flowing gas, allowing ~ 30$ % through to the inner disc. This is qualitatively consistent with observations of transition discs suggesting the presence of inner holes, despite there being ongoing gas accretion.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Societ

Using GPS and GIS to evaluate military vehicle traffic patterns for the prediction of vegetation removal

Military vehicle traffic during military training at installations can result in land degradation, vegetation removal, and increased soil erosion in training areas. Multiple vehicle passes (possible column movement) over the same terrain result in more severe damage to the soil and vegetation. Military training area land managers have a responsibility to manage the military lands in a sustainable way and maintain the environmental integrity of the land. This study utilized the Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) to evaluate military vehicle traffic patterns to predict vegetation removal. Investigation included vehicle tracking, estimation of impact during maneuvers, comparison of impacts from different maneuvers, and the development of a procedure to identify column platoon movement. Vehicle tracking studies, where GPS-based vehicle tracking systems were mounted on military vehicles to record their position every second during training, were conducted at Fort Lewis in October 2005, Fort Riley in May 2005, and Yakima Training Center in October 2001. The maneuver at Fort Riley, Kansas involved more road-side interrogation and less off-road traffic and it was estimated that an average of 1048, 642, and 179 square meters of vegetation was removed per vehicle day for the M1A1 Abrams combat tanks, M2A2 Bradley fighting vehicles, and M998 high mobility multi-purpose wheeled vehicles (HMMWV) respectively. The maneuver involving Strykers at Fort Lewis involved more off-road traffic than at Fort Riley. This maneuver consisted of urban operations, traveling to firing ranges, and some off-road maneuvering on one of the ranges. It was estimated that on average just over 200 square meters of vegetation was removed by each Stryker per vehicle day during this maneuver. A GIS method to identify column movement was developed and applied to all of the full platoon moving data collected at Fort Lewis. Charlie Company 1st platoon was identified as having the most column movement. Approximately 7.5 and 1.0 percent of the off-road distance traveled by the platoon was identified as column movement using a 10 m and 1 m buffer, respectively. A sensitivity analysis indicated a smaller buffer size identified less column movement

Healing Through Homecoming Rediscovering the Hospitality of Jesus as the Mission Tone of the Church

This Project Portfolio addresses the following NPO: In an increasingly hostile culture, there is an opportunity to incarnate the hospitality of Jesus to a world in need of God’s embrace; in doing so, the Church will rediscover and release the mission tone of Jesus, a kindness that heals as it welcomes people home and leads to Spirit-empowered turns. The key insight of my research is that the coming of Jesus is the ultimate expression of ancient hospitality, and when God’s kindness permeates the mission tone of a church, it creates an environment where the gospel is heard, the Spirit’s power is released, and broken people find their way home to a running Savior whose embrace heals and restores. I serve as lead pastor of Life City Church in Pickerington, Ohio. The project includes a proposal and sample chapters for a book, Healing through Homecoming, Rediscovering the Hospitality of Jesus as the Mission Tone of the Church, and a podcast that will eventually be integrated into an eight-week discipleship class. The book will provide a systematic approach to the topic and create a space where the possibilities of hospitality as healing can be explored in more of a linear fashion. The podcast will provide a resource where the subject can breathe and stretch out through conversation and discussion

Critical evaluation of standard ratios of railroad analysis

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Boston University

COLONIZATION OF NORTHERN LOUISIANA BY THE MEDITERRANEAN GECKO, HEMIDACTYLUS TURCICUS

The Mediterranean Gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus, is known to have colonized nearly every state in the southern United States. In Louisiana, the Mediterranean Gecko has been documented in many of the southern parishes, but records for the northern portion of the state are limited. We sampled northern Louisiana parishes to document the presence of the Mediterranean Gecko. We sampled a total of 21 parishes in northern Louisiana and found geckos in 17 of those parishes, 16 of which represent new distribution records for the species. This indicates a significant range expansion of this introduced species throughout northern Louisiana. Geckos were found across a temperature range of 14.0–28.0°C and had a strong association with buildings. The species’ affinity for anthropogenic association and the continual nature of anthropogenic expansion facilitate the high vagility of this species. The result is a successful colonization throughout much of Louisiana and likely continued range expansion throughout the southern United States

An Investigation of Lower-extremity Functional Asymmetry For Non-preferred Able-bodied Walking Speeds

Functional asymmetry is an idea that is often used to explain documented bilateral asymmetries during able-bodied gait. Within this context, this idea suggests that the non-dominant and dominant legs, considered as whole entities, contribute asymmetrically to support and propulsion during walking. The degree of functional asymmetry may depend upon walking speed. The purpose of this study was to better understand a potential relationship between functional asymmetry and walking speed. We measured bilateral ground reaction forces (GRF) for 20 healthy subjects who walked at nine different speeds: preferred, +10%, +20%, +30%, +40%, -10%, -20%, -30%, and -40%. Contribution to support was determined to be the support impulse: the time integral of vertical GRF during stance. Contribution to propulsion was determined to be the propulsion impulse: the time integral of the anterior-posterior GRF, while this force was directed forward. Repeated measures ANOVA (α = 0.05) revealed leg × speed interactions for normalized support (p = 0.001) and propulsion (p = 0.001) impulses, indicating that speed does affect the degree of functional asymmetry during gait. Post hoc comparisons (α = 0.05) showed that support impulse was approximately 2% greater for the dominant leg, relative to the non-dominant leg, for the -10%, -20%, and -40% speeds. Propulsion impulse was 12% greater for the dominant leg than for the non-dominant leg at the +20% speed. Speed does appear to affect the magnitude of bilateral asymmetry during walking, however, only the bilateral difference for propulsion impulse at one fast speed (+20%) supported the functional asymmetry idea

Challenging the spliceosome machine

BACKGROUND: Using cDNA copies of transcripts and corresponding genomic sequences from the Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project, a set of 24,753 donor and acceptor splice sites were computed with a scanning algorithm that tested for single nucleotide insertion, deletion and substitution polymorphisms. Using this dataset, we developed a progressive partitioning approach to examining the effects of challenging the spliceosome system. RESULTS: Our analysis shows that information content increases near splice sites flanking progressively longer introns and exons, suggesting that longer splice elements require stronger binding of spliceosome components. Information also increases at splice sites near very short introns and exons, suggesting that short splice elements have crowding problems. We observe that the information found at individual splice sites depends upon a balance of splice element lengths in the vicinity, including both flanking and non-adjacent introns and exons. CONCLUSION: These results suggest an interdependence of multiple splicing events along the pre-mRNA, which may have implications for how the macromolecular spliceosome machine processes sets of neighboring splice sites

Animal perception in gravel-bed rivers: scales of sensing and environmental controls on sensory information

Animals make decisions based on the sensory information that they obtain from the environment and other organisms within that environment. In a river, this information is transported, transmitted, masked, and filtered by fluvial factors and processes, such as relative roughness and turbulent flow. By interpreting the resultant signals, animals decide on the suitability of habitat and their reaction to other organisms. While a great deal is known about the sensory biology of animals, only limited attention has been paid to the environmental controls on the propagation of sensory information within rivers. Here, the potential transport mechanisms and masking processes of the sensory information used by animals in gravel-bed rivers are assessed by considering how the physical nature of sensory signals are affected by river hydromorphology. In addition, the physical processes that animals have the potential to directly perceive are discussed. Understanding the environmental phenomena that animals directly perceive will substantially improve understanding of what controls animal distributions, shifting emphasis from identifying correlations between biotic and abiotic factors to a better appreciation of causation, with benefits for successful management